See also:

• Computers: Programming: Languages: Constraint  (39)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Dataflow  (6)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Declarative  (5)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Functional  (54)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Interface  (2)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Language-OS Hybrids  (8)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Logic-based  (41)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Object-Oriented: Class-based  (19)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Object-Oriented: Prototype-based  (13)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Procedural  (22)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Specification  (15)
• Computers: Programming: Languages: Visual  (36)

Concepts and Architecture of Vista: A Multiparadigm Programming Environment - - Visual multiparadigm programming: visual + object-oriented (signal flow + data flow); from Proceedings of 10th IEEE/CS Symposium on Visual Languages, St. Louis, USA, 4-7 October 1994. Downloads: HTML, PS.

ELAN - - Created 1974 by Technical University of Berlin group, as alternative to BASIC in teaching, for systematic programming, and related styles: top-down, bottom-up, recursive, modular, syntax-directed. Descriptions, brief resource list, documents. English, Deutsch.

Heron - - Home site. Has brief description, specification, tutorial, related articles, download.

Heron-Centric: Ruminations of a Language Designer - - Weblog on language design issues, software development techniques, news, on Heron language, and similar languages like Java, C++.

Kx Systems, Inc. - - Makes K, advanced vector oriented, functional language, one of the fastest application development environments (according to Bell Laboratories Benchmarking), and allows very fast processing of large datasets.

Lfyre - - General purpose, compiled; high performance, expressiveness, flexibility. Many features found in other languages, and extra features: creating new operators, keywords, programming paradigms. News, download. [SourceForge.

Lightweight Languages as Software Engineering Tools - - Usenix Paper discussing multiparadigm programming as part of a larger topic.

Lucid - - Functional dataflow language, invented by Bill Wadge, Ed Ashcroft. Variables and expressions denote streams-sequences of data items. Input and output are streams, so a program is a Unix-style filter. Was basis for French real-time/reactive languages Lustre, Signal.

Multiparadigm Programming Group - - At Leibniz Laboratory, Grenoble, France; research topics, news, publications, members. In English and Français.

Multiparadigm Programming Language - - Brief description, language list sorted by count and supported paradigms. [Wikipedia.

Needle - - Pure object-oriented, functional language, statically typed, garbage collected; mixes ideas from Dylan, Lisp, Scheme; ML; Cecil, Smalltalk; description, slide show, downloads, links. [Open Source, MIT.

Nial Systems Ltd. - - NIAL, Nested Interactive Array Language, mixes aspects of functional array and procedural languages. Rich primitives set makes it easy, fast to code loop-free data-driven algorithms. Also Q'Nial IDE, and Nial Data Engine embeddable interpreter. [Open Source, Artistic Licence.

An Object Model for Multiparadigm Programming - - Presented at OOPSLA 1994.

Piccola: A Small Composition Language - - PI based COmposition LAnguage: research language to explore the paradigm: Application = Components + Scripts. From the University of Berne.

ResearchIndex: From Competition to Amalgamation of Different Programming Paradigms - - Describes basic elements (data, actions, tunings, voids, mixtures, ...) and principles of programming (stratification, implicit knowledge, limited freedom, ...), directed to amalgamating different programming paradigms (imperative, object-oriented, functional, constraint, ...) in a unified process of generating computer system models.

Scala - - General purpose language; multiparadigm (object-oriented, functional, concurrent elements); statically typed, type-safe; focus: Web services. Successor of Funnel. Interoperates with Java VM or .NET, XML aware. [Open source, BSD-like license.

UFO: United Functions and Objects: Draft Language Description - - Download of UMCS-92-4-3.

X Language: xlang - - The eXtensible Language: easy to use, multi-syntax, portable set of APIs to create CLI and GUI applications for Unix/X11 and Win32; will ease making big applications, has interpreter/compiler/debugger. [Open Source, GPL.

XLR: Extensible Language and Runtime - - XL is designed to implement the ideas of Concept Programming. It can apply to many domains and problem spaces, not only a small subset of the problems users must solve.

Heron: Introducing The Heron Programming Language - - Forum with many comments. [Slashdot] (December 8, 2004)