See also:

• Computers: Programming: Languages: Comparison and Review  (99)
• Computers: Software: Operating Systems: History  (7)

A Brief History of Programming Languages - - A special Byte Magazine article published for Byte's 20th anniversary special repor.

Computer Languages History - - Timeline chart, 1954 to today, printable; links to homes of many languages.

Diagram of Languages - - Two diagrams showing how many languages are related to each other.

Historic Documents in Computer Science - - Original, historic first documents for many early programming languages, like language manualsa, scanned and converted to PDF form.

History and Comparison of Programming Languages - - Papers on use history of: comments, labels, literals, parentheses.

History and Evolution - - A list of computer languages and some links to compilers for these languages.

O'Reilly: The History of Programming Languages - - A poster plots over 50 programming languages on a multi-layered, color-coded timeline.

The Retrocomputing Museum - - Dedicated to programs that induce sensations that hover somewhere between nostalgia and nausea. The freaks, jokes, and fossils of computing history.

Visual Programming Languages: A Survey - - This paper by Marat Boshernitsan includes an historical overview of some of the pioneering efforts in the field.

Wikipedia: PL/I - - An encyclopedia description of PL/I history with many links to programming terms.